Lilan Zhang, Sihan Lai, Ying He, Shan Zhang, Yan Deng, Ying Han, Guangcui He, Hai Yi. Camrelizumab for Preemptive Treatment of Molecular Recurrence after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Core-Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Two Case Reports[J]. Blood&Genomics, 2024, 8(1): 10005. DOI: 10.35534/BG20240110005
Citation: Lilan Zhang, Sihan Lai, Ying He, Shan Zhang, Yan Deng, Ying Han, Guangcui He, Hai Yi. Camrelizumab for Preemptive Treatment of Molecular Recurrence after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Core-Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Two Case Reports[J]. Blood&Genomics, 2024, 8(1): 10005. DOI: 10.35534/BG20240110005

Camrelizumab for Preemptive Treatment of Molecular Recurrence after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Core-Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Two Case Reports

  • This paper reports two patients with core-binding factor AML (CBF-AML) who experienced molecular recurrence following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). They were given preemptive treatment with camrelizumab, an inhibitor of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). In case 1, a 45-year-old male AML patient with persistent CBFβ-MYH11 fusion transcripts received allo-HSCT after complete remission (CR). After transplantation, CBFβ-MYH11 fusion transcript remained persistently positive even after treatment with the hypomethylating agent decitabine. Camrelizumab was administered eight months post-transplantation. After 3 cycles administered at two-week intervals, the CBFβ-MYH11 transcripts became negative. Only mild liver insufficiency and telangiectasia were observed. In case 2, a 20-year-old male AML patient with the AML1-ETO fusion gene experienced molecular recurrence post allo-HSCT, even after treatment with decitabine. Camrelizumab was then administered 1 year after transplantation. After 2 cycles, AML1-ETO transcripts gradually became negative. However, severe immune-related liver injury occurred. Liver function eventually recovered with treatment. In conclusion, PD-1 inhibitors may be an effective strategy for CBF-AML patients with late stage molecular recurrence after allo-HSCT and should be explored further.
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