The Outcomes and Risk Factors for Late-Onset Haemorrhagic Cystitis after Allogeneic Haematopoietic Transplantation for Acute Leukaemia: A Retrospective, Single-Centre Observational Study

The study aims to identify risk factors for late-onset haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) and determine if the condition’s prevalence and severity have an impact on the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with acute leukaemia (AL) receiving myeloablative conditioning (MAC) allogeneic transplantation. A total of 344 AL cases were included in this study, among which 55 cases (16.0%) had HC. Comprehensive clinical indicators were collected to analyse the risk factors related to HC. Propensity score matching (PSM) with the nearest neighbour method was used to match patients. The sensitivity and specificity of HC prediction were evaluated by ROC analysis. Survival analysis was employed to evaluate the impact of the occurrence and severity of HC on OS and DFS. In AL patients undergoing MAC allogeneic transplantation, factors such as donor versus recipient sex (D/R), time to platelet and WBC reconstitution, and copies CMV and BKV were associated with the occurrence of HC. Copies of BKV demonstrated the highest sensitivity (0.807) and specificity (0.943), followed by the sex of D/R. The state of minimal residue disease (MRD), HSCT mode, ABO blood type, and age of the donor had no significant effects on the occurrence of HC. The occurrence or severity of HC did not affect OS or DFS (P = 0.449 and 0.326). The prevalence of HC was associated with the sex of D/R, time of PLT and WBC reconstitution, copies of CMV, and BKV, with copies of BKV having the highest predictive accuracy for HC. This trial has been registered on chictr.org.cn as No. ChiCTR2200059020.