Advancing the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome: a focus on immunotherapy and nanotherapy

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), characterized by abnormal differentiation and maturation of myeloid cells. Current treatment options for MDS mainly include conventional methods such as supportive treatment, chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although these therapies can alleviate symptoms to some extent, numerous limitations persist. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising method for MDS patients. By activating or regulating the body's own immune system to target and eliminate abnormal cells, this therapy shows great potential for clinical application. In addition, nanotherapy, as an emerging technology, also shows broad development prospects in the field of MDS.